【学习目标】
一、语音
1. 单词重读
`television `channel `processing `program `newsletter `all-time `item
`traveler `character `itchy `level `knowledge `grammar `evil `total
`floppy `plastic `setting `properly `icon `double `auto-run `magic
`daily `cover `order `function `worksheet `simple `movable `body
on`line re`mote con`trol de`sign re`ceive educa`tional de`signer
a`sleep cor`rectly vo`cabulary re`lated educa`tion ma`chine re`start
con`nect ap`pear prin`cess incur`rectly ex`citing in`clued re`gard
ap`pliance intro`duction con`clusion pro`ducer pro`duce
2. 不完全爆破
remo(t)e control chara(c)ter corre(c)tly instru(c)tion conne(c)t
incorre(c)tly fun(c)tion wor(k)sheet introdu(c)tion
3. 句子重音和语调
What do `you `use `your `computer↘for?
Can `you `tell me more about the↗CD-ROM?
What is its `name ↘again?
Is it a very `strange↗name?
二、词汇
4. 单词
online, television, channel, design, receive, program, newsletter, educational, designer,
all-time, traveler, character, asleep, earn, point, correctly, role, level, knowledge, screen,
grammar, vocabulary, mark, pass, education, set, key, type, store, disk, movable, plastic, machine, flat, control, e-dictionary, print, restart, properly, appear, click, double, exciting, incorrectly, foot, total, free, Mars, daily, course, include, cover, order, simple, producer, introduction, iced, body, goal, set, produce.
5. 词组……
remote control 遥控器
word processing 文字处理
floppy disk 软盘
hard disk 硬盘
double click 双击
iced tea 冰茶
electrical appliance 家用电器
go skiing 去滑雪
good news 好消息
sound interesting 听起来有趣
help sb do sth 帮助某人干某事
at the same time 同时
let sb do sth 让某人干某事
come out 出来;长出;(花)开;传出
come down 下来;降下;
find out 找出, 发现; 查明(真相等); 想出
sell out 售完
三、日常用语
That would be nice.好极了!
It looks like a television.它看起来像一台电视。
I have no idea.我不知道。
What do you usually use your computer for?你通常用电脑干什么?
四、语法:
被动语态
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:
Many people speak English.(主动语态)许多人说英语。
English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)英语被许多人说。
被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。如:
This bicycle can be mended in two hours.自行车在两小时后能修好。
The trees may be planted in spring.春天可以植树。
The room must be kept clean.房间必须保持干净。
The flowers should be watered often.花应该经常浇水。
被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。如:
This jacket is made of cotton.这件夹克衫是棉制的。
English is spoken in Canada.加拿大说英语。
被动语态的类型
被动语态大致有三种类型,即由及物动词形成的被动语态,和由不及物动词形成的被动语态,以及由主动句表示的被动语态。
1. 由及物动词形成的被动语态。例如:
①有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态的情况
These workers make color TV sets.→Color TV sets are made by these workers.
彩色电视机是这些工人制造的。
The teacher encouraged us to do more extensive reading. →
We were encouraged to do more extensive reading by the teacher.
老师鼓励我们多泛读。
②有两个宾语动词变为被动语态(由介词by+人称代词的宾格引导出动作执行者)
He bought me a book. → I was bought a book(by him).
→A book was bought for me(by him).(他)给我买了一本书。
He asked me a question. →I was asked a question.我被问了一个问题。
→A question was asked of me(by him).向我提出了一个问题。
【注意】当句中有直接宾语和间接宾语的动词变为被动语态时,注意三点:
A. 多数把间接宾语变为主语,将直接宾语仍保留在谓语后面,叫做保留宾语。(如每组中的第一句)
B. 如将直接宾语变为主语,则将间接宾语变为起状语作用的带to, for, of等的介词短语。(如每组中的第二句)
C. 原来的主语变为起状语作用的by(介词)短语。但往往省略不说出。
2. 由不及物动词形成的被动语态。由“不及物动词+介词”形成的被动语态,例如:
My mother looks after my baby son. →My baby son is looked after by my mother.
A dog sat on the chair. →The chair was sat on by a dog.
3. 由主动句表示的被动语态。这一类型的句子又可以分为以下几种:
①主语+动词+状语
The roast chicken eats well.那烧鸡好吃。
These potatoes peel easily.这些马铃薯好剥皮。
That article reads like a translation.那篇文章读起来象篇译文。
②主语+动词
The safe doesn’t lock.这保险柜锁不上。
The engine hood can’t lift.这发动机罩揭不开。
③主语+be+现在分词
只有少数动词的进行时,有时有被的意思。
What’s cooking?在煮什么?
Book One is printing(binding).第一册正在印(装订)。
④主语+及物动词+动名词
只有少数动词能这样用。
This sentence needs explaining.这句话需要解释一下。
This precision instrument wants careful handling.这台精密仪器应当轻拿轻放。
⑤find + use, application等抽象名词,可表达被动意义。
Compasses found wide application in navigation.指南针在航海中获得了广泛应用。
⑥to be + under(或in)+抽象名词,可表达被动意义。
The road is under repair.那条路正在修理中。
⑦to be + worth + 动名词,可表达被动意义。
The book is well worth reading.这书很值得读。
It’s really worth troubling about.这事儿似乎不值得操心。
⑧easy, difficult 等性质形容词+不定式,可表达被动意义。
He is a person who is easy to get on with.他是个容易相处的人。
This problem is difficult to solve.这个题难解。
⑨以-able, -ible结尾的形容词含有被动意义。
The new kind of ceramics is machineable.这种新陶瓷可进行机械加工。
The eclipse of the sun will be visible to observers in western Asia.
亚洲西部的观察者可见到这次日蚀。 |