【知识讲解】

  1. I have no idea.我不知道。

  =I really do not know anything.

  no=not any;not one;not a“没有；无”（与可数名词的单数、复数或不可数名词连用）。例如：

  He has no money with him. (= He doesn’t have any money with him.)他身边没钱。

  There are no pens in his pencil case. (= There are not any pens in his pencil case.)

  他的笔袋 里没有钢笔。

  2. It looks like a television.它看起来好像一台电视。

  look like“看起来像……”。例如：

  Jim looks like his mother.吉姆看起来像他妈妈。

  Kate looks like her father.凯特看起来像她爸爸。

  3. Look, the TV is turned on now.瞧！电视打开了。

  turn on固定词组，“打开”，反义词组是turn off，“关掉”。

  is turned on是被动语态形式，因为电视机不会自己打开，是被他人打开。例如：

  Listen! The radio is turned on.听！收音机开了。

  4. It sounds interesting, doesn’t it?听起来很有趣，是不是？

  ① sound系动词，后面要跟形容词作表语。类似这样的系动词还有：

  look, become, get, seem, turn, grow, appear, taste, feel, smell等，系动词一般后面跟形

  容词或名词作表语。例如：

  He looks ill.他看起来病了。

  The soup tastes delicious.汤的味道很美。

  She seems very quiet. 她看起来很安静。

  Jim became a doctor.吉姆当上大夫了。

  ② doesn’t it，是反意疑问句，前半部是肯定，后半部就要用否定；如果前半部是否定，

  那么后半部就要用肯定。例如：

  You will be away for long, won’t you? 你将走很长时间，对吗？

  There were few old houses here, were there? 这里有些老房子是不是？

  Your father has never been to Shanghai, has he? 你父亲从未去过上海，是吗？

  5. It is designed by Nancy Jackson.它由南希·杰克逊设计。

  is designed是被动语态形式，“被设计”，介词by引导动作的执行者。例如：

  John has been dismissed by the company.约翰被公司解雇了。

  A letter was written by him.他写好了一封信。

  A road is being built by them.他们正在修路。

【注意】当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，介词by短文往往可以省略。例如：

  The room must be kept clean.房间必须保持干净。

  This jacket is made of cotton.这件夹克是棉布的。

  The book was written for children.这本书为儿童而写的。

  Women were looked down upon in the past.妇女在过去受轻视。

  6. If you are smart, you can travel around the world in eight hours!

  如果你聪明，你将在八小时之内环游世界。

  If引导的是条件状语从句，在条件状语从句中可以用一般现在时来代替一般将来时，主句仍然用一般将来时（通常所说的“主将从现”）。例如：

  If you’re not sure how to do it, you will ask me.假若你拿不准怎样做，就来问我好了。

  If you travel in India, you can use English everywhere.

  如果你到印度旅游，你可以到处使用英语。

  7. The places you have visited are marked in bright purple.

  你访问过的地方应该用鲜紫色做好记号。

  ①you have visited在句中是定语从句，修饰前面的名词the places。例如：

  The noodles (that)I cooked were delicious.我煮的面条味道好极了。(that指物，在定语从句中作宾语，在口语中往往省略。)

  ②are marked，是被动语态。

  ③in bright purple，bright形容词，（表示颜色）“鲜明的；鲜艳的；醒目的”。如：

  a bright red鲜红色

  a bright blue dress宝蓝色的连衣裙

  The leaves on the trees are bright green in spring.春天树上的叶子是翠绿的。

  8. My new computer is much faster than the old one.我的新电脑比旧电脑要快得多。

  faster是fast的比较级，在比较级前面的副词much是用来修饰比较级，用来加强语气。类似这样的可以修饰比较级用来加强语气的还有以下这些词：

  a little, still, a lot, far, a good deal等。例如：

  This text is a little(bit)more difficult than the other one.这篇课文比那一篇稍难一点。

  I’ve made a lot more mistakes than you have.我犯的错比你犯的多多了。

  She has made far greater progress this term than she did last term.

  她这学期的进步比上学期大得多。

  9. Do you mind telling me how to use this function?你不介意告诉我怎样使用这项功能吧？

  ①mind动词，“对（某事物）介意；反对（某事物）”（尤用于疑问句、否定句、条件句及用作回答问句的肯定句），后面通常跟名词或动名词。例如：

  Did she mind(about)not getting the job?她没得到那份工作是不是很失意？

  Do you mind the noise?这声音影响你吗？

  Do you mind if I smoke?我抽烟你介意吗？

  ②how to use this function，动词不定式，在句中作宾语me的补足语，how是疑问副词，修饰动词不定式。例如：

  Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

  He asked me to give him some advice.他要我提些忠告。

  He taught me how to use a computer. 他教我怎样使用计算机。

  Nobody told us what to do.没有人告诉我们怎么做。